Latest posts
-
ABG Interpretation Master Guide: 3-Step Logic, Anion Gap, and Compensation Mechanics
Arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation tells you how well a patient is oxygenating, ventilating, and buffering acid. Memorizing values is not enough. Use the same three steps every time. Normal Values Parameter Normal Range What It Tells You pH 7.35 – 7.45 Overall acid-base state PaCO₂ 35 – 45 mmHg Respiratory component HCO₃⁻ 22 –…
-
Heart Failure Medications: What Each Drug Does and Why It Matters
If you or a loved one has been told “you have heart failure,” the medication list can feel overwhelming. Here is the logic behind it. Heart failure doesn’t mean the heart has stopped. It means the heart isn’t pumping or filling well enough to meet the body’s needs. First, Know Your Type Treatment depends on…
-
COPD: How We Diagnose It and Why Early Treatment Matters
“I’m just out of shape.” “It’s only a smoker’s cough.” Those are two of the most common things people say before a COPD diagnosis. COPD is common and often underdiagnosed, and the earlier it’s caught, the more can be done. Here is how a clinician thinks it through. What Is COPD? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…